Human Respiratory System
🌊INTRODUCTION🌊
The Human Respiratory System is a vital part of our body that allows us to breathe and supply oxygen to our blood. For NEET and Class 11 Biology exams, understanding this system is essential.
1. Organs of the Respiratory System:
Our respiratory system is divided into two major parts:* Conducting Part: Its job is to transport atmospheric air to the alveoli, clear it of foreign particles, humidify, and bring it to body temperature.
* Path: External Nostrils → Nasal Passage → Nasopharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles.
* Exchange Part: This is the actual site of diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and atmospheric air.
* Organs: Alveoli and their ducts.
2. NEET Highlights (Key Points):
Larynx: Known as the "Voice Box" as it helps in sound production.1. Organs of the Respiratory System:
Our respiratory system is divided into two major parts:
Trachea: A straight tube extending up to the mid-thoracic cavity, which divides at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra.
Alveoli: These are the thin, irregular-walled, vascularized bag-like structures. They are the functional units of the lungs.
Lungs: We have two lungs covered by a double-layered membrane called Pleura.
3. Study Tips for Success
Conducting Zone Function: Remember the three C's: Clear, Condition, and Convey the air.Larynx vs Pharynx: Don't get confused! Pharynx is the common passage for food and air, while Larynx is the Voice box.
FAQs About Human Respiratory System:
Q1. What is the human respiratory system?Answer: The human respiratory system is a group of organs responsible for breathing, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide removal from the body.
Q2. What are the main organs of the human respiratory system?
Answer: The main respiratory organs are nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs.
Q3. What is the function of the larynx?
Answer: The larynx (voice box) helps in sound production and also prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
Q4. What is the function of the trachea?
Answer: The trachea (windpipe) conducts air to and from the lungs and is supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings.
Q5. Why are alveoli important in the respiratory system?
Answer: Alveoli are the main site of gaseous exchange where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood.
Q6. What is the difference between larynx and pharynx?
Answer: The larynx is mainly involved in voice production, whereas the pharynx acts as a common passage for both air and food.
Q7. Why are lungs covered by pleura?
Answer: The lungs are covered by a double-layered pleural membrane containing pleural fluid that reduces friction during breathing.
MCQ 1. Respiratory System (NEET 2013)
The figure shows a diagrammatic view of human respiratory system with labels A, B, C and D. Select the correct option.
(a) B – Pleural membrane surrounds ribs on both sides.
(b) C – Alveoli are thin-walled vascular bag-like structures for exchange of gases.
(c) D – Lower end of lungs – diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration.
(d) A – Trachea is supported by complete cartilaginous rings.
MCQ 2. Air Passage Pathway
Air is breathed through:
(a) Trachea → lungs → larynx → pharynx → alveoli
(b) Nose → larynx → pharynx → bronchi → alveoli → bronchioles
(c) Nostrils → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli
(d) Nose → mouth → lungs
MCQ 3. Accessory Respiratory Organ
Skin is an accessory organ of respiration in:
(a) Humans
(b) Frog
(c) Rabbit
(d) Lizard
MCQ 4. Alveolar Epithelium
The alveolar epithelium in lungs is:
(a) Non-ciliated columnar
(b) Non-ciliated squamous
(c) Ciliated columnar
(d) Ciliated squamous
Conclusion
In conclusion, the human respiratory system plays a vital role in supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide. Organs such as the larynx, trachea, alveoli, and lungs work together to ensure efficient respiration. Understanding the structure and functions of the respiratory organs is essential for NCERT and NEET Biology preparation.
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