Mitochondria Class 11 Notes (Structure, Function, Cristae, Matrix) | NEET PYQ + Diagram

⚡ Mitochondria – The Powerhouse of the Cell

📌 Introduction

Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles responsible for aerobic respiration and ATP production. They are known as the "Powerhouse of the Cell".

---

🧬 Structure of Mitochondria:

Structure of mitochondria with labeled parts (NEET Biology)

       Outer Membrane: Smooth boundary

      Inner Membrane: Folded into Cristae

      Matrix: Contains enzymes of Krebs cycle

      Cristae: Increase surface area for ATP synthesis

---

⚙️ Functions of Mitochondria

ATP Production Process

• Site of aerobic respiration
• Produces ATP (energy currency)
• Controls metabolic activities

---

🧠 Semi-Autonomous Nature (NEET Focus)

• Contains circular DNA
• Has 70S ribosomes
• Can divide by fission
• Synthesizes some of its own proteins

---

🌟 NEET Extra Points

• Muscle cells have more mitochondria
• Cristae increase ATP production efficiency
• Mitochondrial ribosomes = 70S (important MCQ)

---

📚 NEET PYQ

Q1. Which stain is used for mitochondria?

A) Safranin
B) Janus Green
C) Methylene blue
D) Iodine

Answer: B

Q2. Cristae function is:

A) Storage
B) Increase surface area
C) DNA synthesis
D) Protection

Answer: B

---

📝 Practice MCQs

Q1. Mitochondria are called powerhouse because:

A) DNA present
B) ATP production
C) Protein synthesis
D) Storage

Answer: B

Q2. Mitochondrial ribosomes are:

A) 80S
B) 70S
C) 60S
D) 50S

Answer: B

Q3. Mitochondria divide by:

A) Mitosis
B) Budding
C) Fission
D) Meiosis

Answer: C

---

⬅ Previous 📘 Index Next ➡